c. How many are isolated dienes?
d. How many are cumulated dienes?

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the definitions of isolated and cumulated dienes. An isolated diene has two double bonds separated by at least one sp³-hybridized carbon atom, while a cumulated diene has two double bonds directly adjacent to each other, sharing a common carbon atom (also known as an allene structure).
2. Step 2: Examine the molecular structure of the compound(s) provided in the problem. Identify all the double bonds present in the structure.
3. Step 3: Determine the spatial arrangement of the double bonds. Check if there are any sp³-hybridized carbons separating the double bonds (indicating isolated dienes) or if the double bonds are directly adjacent (indicating cumulated dienes).
4. Step 4: Count the number of isolated dienes by identifying all sets of double bonds that are separated by at least one sp³-hybridized carbon atom.
5. Step 5: Count the number of cumulated dienes by identifying all sets of double bonds that share a common carbon atom. Ensure that you do not double-count any dienes.

Key Concepts

Dienes

Dienes are organic compounds that contain two double bonds. They can be classified into different types based on the arrangement of these double bonds. Understanding the structure of dienes is crucial for identifying them in chemical reactions and determining their reactivity.

Isolated Dienes

Isolated dienes are characterized by having double bonds separated by at least one single bond. This configuration affects their stability and reactivity, making them distinct from other types of dienes. Recognizing isolated dienes is essential for predicting their behavior in organic reactions.

Cumulated Dienes

Cumulated dienes, also known as conjugated dienes, have two double bonds that are adjacent to each other, sharing a common carbon atom. This arrangement leads to unique electronic properties and reactivity patterns. Understanding cumulated dienes is important for grasping concepts related to resonance and stability in organic chemistry.