What is each compound’s systematic name?
e.
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Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Identify the longest continuous carbon chain in each compound. This will serve as the parent chain. For both compounds, the longest chain contains six carbons, making the parent name 'hexane'.
2. Step 2: Determine the functional groups attached to the parent chain. In the first compound, there are two hydroxyl (-OH) groups. In the second compound, there is one hydroxyl (-OH) group and one bromine (Br) atom.
3. Step 3: Number the carbon atoms in the parent chain to give the substituents the lowest possible numbers. For the first compound, number the chain so that the hydroxyl groups are on carbons 1 and 6. For the second compound, number the chain so that the hydroxyl group is on carbon 1 and the bromine atom is on carbon 6.
4. Step 4: Assign locants (numbers) and prefixes to the substituents. For the first compound, the locants for the hydroxyl groups are 1 and 6, and the prefix 'di-' is used to indicate two hydroxyl groups. For the second compound, the locants are 1 for the hydroxyl group and 6 for the bromine atom.
5. Step 5: Combine the locants, prefixes, and parent name to write the systematic name. For the first compound, the name is '1,6-hexanediol'. For the second compound, the name is '6-bromo-1-hexanol'.

Key Concepts

IUPAC Nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic method for naming organic chemical compounds. It provides a set of rules to create unique names based on the structure of the molecule, including the longest carbon chain, functional groups, and stereochemistry. Understanding these rules is essential for accurately identifying and communicating the identity of compounds.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. Recognizing functional groups is crucial for determining the properties and reactivity of organic compounds, as they dictate how the compound will behave in chemical reactions and influence its systematic name.

Structural Isomerism

Structural isomerism occurs when compounds have the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements of atoms. This concept is important in organic chemistry as it affects the naming and properties of compounds. Understanding the different types of isomers, such as chain isomers and position isomers, is vital for correctly identifying and naming compounds.