Give each of the following a systematic name and indicate whether each is a primary, secondary, or tertiary alcohol:
c.
d.

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Identify the longest carbon chain that contains the hydroxyl group (-OH) in each molecule. This chain will determine the base name of the alcohol.
2. Step 2: Number the carbon atoms in the chain starting from the end nearest to the hydroxyl group. This ensures the lowest possible number for the -OH group.
3. Step 3: Identify and name any substituents attached to the carbon chain. Use the appropriate prefixes (e.g., methyl, ethyl) and indicate their position on the chain using the numbered carbon atoms.
4. Step 4: Combine the names of the substituents with the base name of the alcohol, placing the substituents in alphabetical order and using numbers to indicate their positions. The hydroxyl group is indicated by the suffix '-ol'.
5. Step 5: Determine the classification of the alcohol (primary, secondary, or tertiary) based on the number of carbon atoms attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxyl group. A primary alcohol has one carbon attached, a secondary has two, and a tertiary has three.

Key Concepts

Alcohol Classification

Alcohols are classified based on the number of carbon atoms bonded to the carbon atom that carries the hydroxyl (-OH) group. A primary alcohol has one carbon atom attached to the carbon with the -OH group, a secondary alcohol has two, and a tertiary alcohol has three. This classification is crucial for understanding the reactivity and properties of different alcohols.

Systematic Naming of Alcohols

The systematic naming of alcohols follows the IUPAC nomenclature rules, where the longest carbon chain containing the -OH group is identified, and the suffix '-ol' is added to the name. The position of the -OH group is indicated by a number corresponding to its location on the carbon chain. This systematic approach ensures clarity and consistency in naming organic compounds.

Structural Representation

Understanding structural representations of organic compounds, such as skeletal formulas or condensed structures, is essential for identifying functional groups and determining the classification of alcohols. These representations visually convey the arrangement of atoms and bonds, allowing for accurate naming and classification based on the structure provided in the question.