Which of the following compounds is responsible for the ¹H NMR spectrum shown below?

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Verified step by step guidance

1. Analyze the given 1H NMR spectrum to identify the number of signals. Each signal corresponds to a unique set of chemically equivalent protons in the molecule.
2. Examine the splitting pattern (multiplicity) of each signal. The splitting pattern (singlet, doublet, triplet, etc.) provides information about the number of neighboring protons (n+1 rule).
3. Determine the chemical shift (in ppm) of each signal. The chemical shift indicates the electronic environment of the protons, helping to identify functional groups or structural features.
4. Integrate the signals to find the relative number of protons contributing to each signal. This helps in determining the ratio of different types of protons in the molecule.
5. Compare the information from the NMR spectrum (number of signals, splitting patterns, chemical shifts, and integration) with the possible structures of the compounds provided. Match the data to the compound that fits all the observed characteristics.

Key Concepts

1H NMR Spectroscopy

1H NMR (Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to determine the structure of organic compounds. It provides information about the number of hydrogen atoms in different environments within a molecule, allowing chemists to infer connectivity and functional groups. The chemical shifts, splitting patterns, and integration of peaks in the spectrum are key to interpreting the molecular structure.

Chemical Shift

Chemical shift refers to the resonance frequency of a nucleus relative to a standard in a magnetic field, typically measured in parts per million (ppm). In 1H NMR, different hydrogen atoms resonate at different frequencies based on their electronic environment, influenced by nearby electronegative atoms or functional groups. Understanding chemical shifts helps in identifying the types of hydrogen present in a compound.

Integration and Splitting Patterns

Integration in 1H NMR spectroscopy indicates the relative number of hydrogen atoms contributing to a particular signal, while splitting patterns reveal the number of neighboring hydrogen atoms (n+1 rule). This information helps deduce the connectivity and arrangement of atoms in a molecule. Analyzing these patterns is crucial for accurately determining the structure of the compound responsible for the observed spectrum.