Predict the products of the following reactions:
(a)
(b)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Analyze the reactants and reagents in each reaction. In both cases, the starting material is benzoyl chloride (C6H5COCl), which contains a benzene ring attached to a carbonyl group and a chlorine atom. The reagents differ between the two reactions.
2. Step 2: For reaction (a), the reagents are (1) LiAlH4 and (2) H3O+. Lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4) is a strong reducing agent that reduces acyl chlorides to primary alcohols. The H3O+ step is used to protonate the intermediate formed during the reduction.
3. Step 3: For reaction (b), the reagent is LiAlH(O-t-Bu)3, which is a bulky reducing agent. This reagent selectively reduces acyl chlorides to aldehydes instead of further reducing them to alcohols due to steric hindrance from the bulky tert-butoxy groups.
4. Step 4: Predict the product for reaction (a). The acyl chloride (C6H5COCl) will be reduced by LiAlH4 to form benzyl alcohol (C6H5CH2OH) after protonation with H3O+.
5. Step 5: Predict the product for reaction (b). The acyl chloride (C6H5COCl) will be reduced by LiAlH(O-t-Bu)3 to form benzaldehyde (C6H5CHO) due to the selective reduction to an aldehyde.

Key Concepts

Reaction Mechanisms

Understanding reaction mechanisms is crucial in organic chemistry as they describe the step-by-step process by which reactants transform into products. This includes identifying intermediates, transition states, and the movement of electrons. A clear grasp of mechanisms helps predict the products of reactions based on the types of reagents and conditions involved.

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. Recognizing functional groups allows chemists to predict how different compounds will react and what products will form. This knowledge is essential for analyzing organic reactions and understanding their outcomes.

Stereochemistry

Stereochemistry involves the study of the spatial arrangement of atoms in molecules and how this affects their chemical behavior. It is important for predicting the products of reactions, especially in cases where chirality or geometric isomerism is involved. Understanding stereochemical principles helps in determining the specific configurations of products formed in reactions.