Draw structures to correspond with the following common and systematic names:
(k) phenyl isocyanate
(l) cyclobutyl ethyl carbonate

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the naming conventions for the compounds. For (k) phenyl isocyanate, the name indicates a phenyl group (C₆H₅-) attached to an isocyanate functional group (-N=C=O). For (l) cyclobutyl ethyl carbonate, the name suggests a cyclobutyl group (a four-membered ring) and an ethyl group connected to a carbonate functional group (-O-C(=O)-O-).
2. Step 2: For phenyl isocyanate, start by drawing the phenyl group, which is a benzene ring (a six-membered aromatic ring with alternating double bonds). Attach the isocyanate group (-N=C=O) directly to the benzene ring.
3. Step 3: For cyclobutyl ethyl carbonate, begin by drawing the cyclobutyl group, which is a four-membered ring of carbon atoms. Then draw the ethyl group (CH₃-CH₂-) and connect it to the carbonate functional group (-O-C(=O)-O-).
4. Step 4: Ensure proper connectivity for both compounds. For phenyl isocyanate, confirm that the isocyanate group is directly bonded to the benzene ring. For cyclobutyl ethyl carbonate, verify that the cyclobutyl group and ethyl group are each bonded to one of the oxygen atoms in the carbonate functional group.
5. Step 5: Double-check the structures for accuracy, ensuring that all bonds and atoms are correctly represented according to the IUPAC naming conventions and functional group placement.

Key Concepts

Functional Groups

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. In the case of phenyl isocyanate, the isocyanate group (-N=C=O) is crucial for its reactivity, while in cyclobutyl ethyl carbonate, the carbonate group (-O-C(=O)-O-) defines its properties. Understanding these groups is essential for drawing accurate structures.

Nomenclature

Nomenclature in organic chemistry refers to the systematic naming of chemical compounds based on established rules. The names 'phenyl isocyanate' and 'cyclobutyl ethyl carbonate' indicate specific structural features: 'phenyl' denotes a benzene ring substituent, while 'cyclobutyl' indicates a four-membered carbon ring. Familiarity with nomenclature helps in translating names into structural representations.

Structural Representation

Structural representation involves depicting the arrangement of atoms within a molecule, which can be illustrated through various methods such as Lewis structures, skeletal formulas, or 3D models. For the compounds in question, accurately representing the connectivity and geometry of atoms is vital for understanding their chemical behavior and interactions. This skill is fundamental for visualizing and interpreting organic compounds.